LITTLE P.ENG. FOR ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Friction may be present whenever the pipe can move, and in the process of moving, rub against a restraint. As noted earlier, the maximum...

A restraint is said to be non-linear if its response is not constant throughout its entire load range. Examples of non-linear effects are...

A sway brace (shown in Figure 3-102) is a specific type of engineered hardware, which appears to be a variable spring attached to a sway...

A snubber is a type of engineered hardware which, due to its internal mechanisms, offers no resistance to slowly applied (i.e., static,...

Supports are those restraints which rigidly resist only the downward movement of the pipe, with the point of attachment below the pipe,...